THE recent decision by Western defence ministers to allow Ukraine to use long-range missiles against targets deep within Russia represents a significant escalation in Nato’s strategy, potentially extending the conflict into the Russian territory. This development heightens concerns about the increased risk of nuclear war, which could have devastating global consequences. Additionally, Russia’s recent decision to alter its nuclear doctrine adds to the growing anxiety around the world that the situation is deteriorating and might be heading in a dangerously unpredictable direction. Writing about the potential consequ-ences of a nuclear war, acclaimed American investigative journalist Annie Jacobsen presents a compelling analysis in her recent bestselling book, Nuclear War: A Scenario. Drawing on extensive interviews with retired security officials and publicly available data, Jacobsen provides an in-depth portrayal of the emotional and strategic dilemmas confronting leaders in such situations. The book offers a thorough examination of the aftermath of nuclear explosions, including the immediate devastation, radiation sickness, and the long-term effects on human life and the environment. One of the most alarming consequences of a nuclear war would be the widespread devastation of farmland, leading to severe food shortages. Radiation and soil contamination would disrupt agricultural production, while a phenomenon known as ‘nuclear winter’ could dramatically reduce sunlight and global temperatures, further impairing crop growth. That being so, this chain of events could precipitate a global food crisis and a long-term ecological damage. For countries like Pakistan, already struggling with economic instability and with dependence on food imports, the prospect of a nuclear conflict is particularly dire. The economic and societal impacts of a nuclear war would be catastrophic, compounding the existing challenges, and potentially leading to severe humanitarian crises. The threat of a nuclear exchange starkly highlights the immense destructive power humans hold, and underscores the urgent need for meticulous diplomacy and conflict resolution. As we navigate these volatile times, it is essential for policymakers to fully understand the extensive repercussions of a nuclear conflict and to take proactive measures to avert such a catastrophe. Undoubtedly, the global impact of the Covid pandemic, with its widespread trade disruptions, serves as a reminder of how interconnected and vulnerable our world is. Similarly, a nuclear incident involving Russia and Ukraine could trigger profound disruptions, potentially halting trade, and causing worldwide economic and social shockwaves as we await the full extent of its effects.